In 1924, Native Americans gained the right to vote, just like other American citizens. In 1934, the U.S. federal government passed the Indian Reorganization Act, allowing Native Americans to establish their own modern tribal governments, complete with constitutions, laws, police, and governmental systems. Native Americans living on reservations hold three identities: as tribal members, residents of their respective states, and citizens of the United States.

On reservations, the federal government provides basic services such as education, social welfare, and healthcare. Each Native American was allotted 70 acres of land by the federal government. The United States recognizes 562 federally recognized tribal governments, covering a total territory of 225,000 square kilometers. According to the U.S. Census Bureau in 2011, there were 2,932,248 full-blooded Native Americans and 2,288,331 people with mixed Native ancestry, totaling 5,220,579.

Federal law allows Native American reservations to operate casinos. Casino revenues have boosted local economic development. In some reservations, each Native American receives an annual dividend of $12,000, accounting for one-third of casino income. These casinos also contribute to various charitable organizations.

In 2004, the U.S. federal government allocated $2.4 billion in services to Native Americans nationwide, covering law enforcement, environmental protection, education, and healthcare.

Reservations have also developed technology and industry, attracting external investment to ensure economic growth while preserving Native culture.

Native Americans have gradually abandoned their traditional lifestyles to adapt to modern society, while still maintaining their cultural heritage. Many people are still unfamiliar with modern utilities, with nearly half preferring to use wells instead of electricity, and continuing the old habit of going to bed at sunset.

Five tribes, comprising about 700,000 Native Americans, are considered “civilized,” living lifestyles very similar to ordinary Americans.