孔子所论的做人之道、治学之道、治国之道，是中国文化的精髓，千百年来，孔子的文化基因，已融入华夏文明的血液之中，成为华人思想情感和生活方式之源。

孔子主导的中国传统，道法自然、天人合一，天下为公、大同世界，自强不息、厚德载物，以民为本、安民富民乐民，为政以德、革故鼎新、与时俱进，实事求是，经世致用、知行合一、躬行实践，集思广益、群策群力，仁者爱人、以德立人，以诚待人、讲信修睦，清廉从政、勤勉奉公，俭约自守、力戒奢华，求同存异、和谐相处，居安思危等，我们要继承和发扬。

一、好学求知

1.学而时习之，不亦说（悦）乎？有朋子自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？（《论语》“学而”）按时去温习，不是很高兴吗？有志同道合的朋友从远方来，不是很快乐吗？别人不理解自己，也不发怒，不是有修养的君子吗？Learn something and then review and practice it frequently, isn’t it a pleasure? Have friends coming from afar, isn’t it a joy? Not being well understood, but neither complain nor angry, isn’t it a gentleman bearing?

2.三人行，必有我师焉。则有善者而从之，其不善者而改之。（《论语》“述而”22 ）三人同行，必有值得我看作老师的人，选择他优点向他学习，他的缺点作为借鉴改正。Three people are walking. There must be someone among them who can be my teacher. I’d like to find out his strong points to learn and pick out his shortcomings to drawn on lessons from and make sell-correction.

3.子曰：吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命， 六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。（《论语》“为政”4 ）孔子说：“我十五岁立志于学问，三十岁立身处世站稳，四十岁遇到事不迷惑，五十岁知道天赋予我的使命，六十岁对听到的言论能辨别真假是非，七十岁能怎么想就怎么做，不会越出规矩。” I was determined to study at the age of fifteen, secure some achievements at thirty. No longer felt puzzled at forty, was enlightened at fifty, could distinguish between truth and falsehood at sixty, could do as I liked without overstepping usual practice at seventy.

4.子曰：“敏而好学，不耻下问”。（《论语》“公冶长”15 ）思想敏捷爱好学习，向地位低的人请教，不以为耻。He was intelligent and diligent and did not consider it disgraceful to learn from persons in humble position.

5.多闻，择其善者而从之，多见而识之。（《论语》“述而”28 ）多方面听见解，选择其中好的吸收，多方面观察，选择有用的。Listen more and learn from exemplary person, observe more and bear details in mind.

6.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。（《论语》“为政”15 ）只读书而不思考，容易被蒙骗，只思考而不读书，仍然有疑惑的危险。Only study but not think, you’ll be perplexed without any gains. Only indulge in idle dreams but not study, you’ll suffer from misgivings and hesitate all the time.

7.温故而知新 可以为师矣。（《论语》“为政”11 ）温习旧知识，有新的体会见解，可以当教师了。Restudy the old to obtain the new insight, then you can be a teacher.

8.知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。（《论语》“为政”17 ）懂了就是懂了，不懂就是不懂，这才是真知。You do you understand what I have taught you? If you do, say yes, otherwise just say no. This is wisdom.

9.子曰：“发愤忘食，乐以忘忧，不知老之将至”（《论语》“述而”20 ）孔子说：“我发愤而功，忘记了吃饭，相得其乐。忘记了忧愁，不知道衰老就要到来。” He is so absorbed as to forget eat so happy as to forget his anxiety and even not to realize that he is becoming older and older.

10.默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦。（《论语》“述而”2 ）所学默默记心中，学不满足，教人不疲倦。Learning knowledge by heart. Unsatisfied with study. Untiring of teaching others.

11. 敏而好学，不耻下问。（《论语》“公冶长”15 ）思想敏捷爱好学习，向地位低的人请教，不以为耻辱。Intelligent and diligent and did not consider it disgraceful to learn from persons in humble position.

12.饱食终日，无所用心，难矣哉（《论语》“阳货”22 ）整天吃饱了，什么事也不做，很难有出息。It’s really too difficult to loaf through the day well-fed and taking nothing seriously.

二、正心修身

1.志于道，据于德，依于仁，游于艺。（《论语》“述而”6 ）志向在道上，根据在德上，依靠仁，研学游乐于六艺（礼仪、音乐、射箭、驾车、文字、算术）来陶冶身心。Acquire high ideals, cultivate fine morality, cherish humane feeling, mould noble sentiment with six departments (etiquette, music, archery, driving, literature, math).

2.质胜文则野，文胜质则史。文质彬彬，然后君子。（《论语》“雍也”18 ）质朴超过文采，就有些视野，文采超质朴，就有些浮华，文采与质朴结合匀称均衡，才是大雅君子。If a person’s characters of honesty and simplicity surpass his rich and bright colors in literature, he’ll say rude things and behave boorishly. Yet if on the contrary he’ll grandiloquent in language but conduct frivolously. One by property confining there two factors, both refined and courteous can be become a gentleman.

3.三军可夺帅也，匹夫不可夺志也。（《论语》“子罕”26 ）一国军队可丧失主帅，一个人的志向不能强迫改变。An army can be deprived of its commander, yet a person cannot be deprived his ideals.

4.人而无信，不知其可也。（《论语》“为政”22 ）人无信誉，怎能立身处世呢！Breaking one’s own word is absolutely what one should not do.

5.知者不惑，仁者不忧，勇者不惧。（《论语》“子罕”29 ）智慧者遇事不迷惑，仁德者不忧愁，勇敢者不畏惧。Wise people don’t feel puzzled. Noble-minded people never feel sorrowful. Brave people never act timid.

6.智者乐水，仁者乐山。智者动，仁者静。智者乐，仁者寿。（《论语》“雍也”23 ）聪明人喜欢水，仁德者喜欢山，聪明人活跃，仁德者沉静，聪明人快乐，仁德者长寿。Wise people love water, benevolent people love mountains. Wise people love to be active, benevolent people love to be calm. Wise people are happy, benevolent people enjoy longevity.

7.君子喻于义，小人喻于利。（《论语》“里仁”16 ）君子懂得义，小人懂得利。Gentlemen have their eyes on justice, but vulgarian only on fortune.

8.巧言乱德，小不忍则乱大谋。（《论语》“卫灵公”27 ）花言巧语败坏道德，遇小事不忍耐，就会扰乱大事。Honeyed words ca make people demoralized. If a person cannot restrain himself when handling small things he will spoil great things.

9.君子有三戒：少之时，血气未定，戒之在色；及其壮也，血气方刚，戒之在斗；及其老也，血气既衰，戒之在得。（《论语》“季氏”7）君子有三件事警戒，少年血气未养成，警戒迷恋女色；壮年血气旺盛，警惕不争强好斗，等到年老，血气衰退，要警惕贪得无厌。There are three bed habits for gentlemen to give up. When young, they are short of sap, so they must give up being addicted to sex; when grown up, they are full of sap, so they must give up fighting; when old, they are feeble in sap, so they must give up greed.

10.君子求诸己，小人求诸人。（《论语》“卫灵公”21 ）君子严格要求自己，小人苛刻要求别人。Gentlemen ask for help from their own while vulgarians from others.

三、兴诗倡乐

1. 诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰“思无邪”。（《论语》“为政”2 ）《诗经》三百首，可用一句话来概括：思想纯正无邪念。Have 300 poems. Poems could be generalized into one sentence: its thought to pure.

2. 子曰：“小子何莫学夫《诗》。《诗》，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。”（《论语》“阳货”9 ）孔子说：弟子们哪能不学《诗经》呢？学《诗经》可启发想象力，可提高想象力，可培养合群，可学讽刺世道。从近处说，可用诗侍奉父母，从远处说，可用诗侍奉君主，还可从中认识草木鸟兽的名称。My students, why don’t you study the Book of Odes? Through the study of the Book of Odes, you can arouse delights of life, you can be broad-minded, you can get on well with others, you can express resentment. Near you can well show filial devotion to your parents and far you can well serve the lord. Moreover, you can also learn some names of birds, animals, plants and trees.

3.《关雎》乐而不淫，哀而不伤。 （《论语》“八佾”20）《关雎》这首诗，快乐而不放淫，哀怨而不悲伤。The poem Guan Jiu is joyful, but never unrestrained; depressed but not sorrowful.

4.子曰：“兴于诗，立于礼，成于乐”（《论语》“泰伯”8 ）孔子说：“《诗经》可使精神振奋，礼仪可立身于社会，音乐可陶冶性情修养。” Taking pleasure in reciting poems carrying out career and performing merits, accounting to proprieties, and be in a good mood through enjoying music.

5.子曰：“吾自卫反鲁，然后乐正，《雅》、《颂》各得其所。”（《论语》“子罕”15 ）孔子说：“我周游列国后从卫国返鲁国，才得以把音乐整理出来。使《雅》乐《颂》乐各归列适当的位置。” Since coming back to Lu from Wei. I’ve already made music well sorted out and Ya and Song have also been properly arranged.

四、恭谨谦逊

1.贫而乐道，富而好礼。（《论语》“学而”15 ）做人贫而乐道，富则好礼。A man is poor but ready to follow right doctrines, rich but ready to follow standards of morality.

2. 若圣与仁，则吾岂敢？抑为之不厌，诲人不倦。（《论语》“述而”34 ）把我当圣人与仁人，怎敢担当，不过我学习与工作从不厌倦，教诲人从不厌烦。As for sage and humanity, how can I deserve this? Yet I have been constantly doing my best to approach to two aspects. And moreover, I’ve been assiduously teaching others. I think behavior in this respect is not so bad.

3. 非礼勿视，非礼勿听，非礼勿言，非礼勿动。（《论语》“颜渊”12 ）君子非礼不看，非礼不听，非礼不言，非礼勿动。（礼：规则、礼节）As to things going against humanity, you just don’t look at, don’t listen to, don’t speak, and don’t do.

4.巧言乱德，小不忍则乱大谋。（《论语》“卫灵公”27 ）花言巧语乱德，小处不忍耐，则乱了大谋。Honeyed words can make people demoralized. If a person cannot restrain himself. When handling small things he well spoil great things.

5. 三思而后行。（《论语》“公冶长”20 ）一而再，三思才行动。Always thinks over it again and again.

6.大德不逾闲，小德出入可也。（《论语》“子张”19 ）做人大德不逾轨，小德有点出入可也。In the respect of mural integrity, a gentleman must not transgress, but in the respect of trivial matter, there is no need for a gentleman to bother about it too much.

7. 君子惠而不费，劳而不怨，欲而不贪，泰而不骄，威而不猛。（《论语》“尧曰”2 ）尽量少付出而得实惠，自觉劳动而无怨言，正当欲望而不贪心，不卑不骄，泰然自若，尊严不狂妄。What are those five good characters gentlemen can grant favors to others without wasting anything and make people bear responsibilities without grudge. They consider others, richness without seeking personal interests. They are easy to approach without arrogance and look serious but show no violence.

五、诚信友爱

1.君子成人之美，不成人之恶。小人反是。（《论语》“颜渊”16 ）君子成全别人的好事，不促成别人的坏事，小人相反。Gentlemen help others achieve a desired end but do not encourage others to do evil. But vulgarians run counter to it.

2. 君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。（《论语》“述而”37 ）君子胸怀坦荡，小人常忧愁。Gentlemen are always openhearted while vulgarians are always sorrowful.

3. 子贡问友，子曰：“忠告而善道之，不可则止毋自辱焉。”（《论语》“颜渊”23 ）子贡问怎么对待朋友，孔子说：“诚恳劝告他，引导他，仍然不听，就算了，免自找羞辱。” Honestly advise and probably guide them if they don’t listen to you, just leave it at that and don’t get self-insulted.

4. 不患人之不己知，患不知人也。（《论语》“学而” 16 ）不怕别人不了解自己，就怕自己不了解别人。Don’t be afraid that others don’t understand you, you should be afraid that you don’t understand others.

5. 始吾于人也，听其言而信其行；今吾于人也，听其言而观其行。（《论语》“公冶长”10 ）先前我看待人，听了他的话，便相信他。如今我看待人，是听了他的话，还要考察他的行为。At the beginning, I believed a person’s action after I heard his words. But now I’ll observe his action after I hear his words.

6. 君子不以言举人，不以人废言。（《论语》“卫灵公”23 ）君子不因有几句正确的话就推举他，也不因品德不好就废弃了他的正确言论。Gentleman neither recommend anyone because of his sweet words nor refuse anyone’s reasonable suggestions because of his bad character.

7. 道不同，不相为谋。（《论语》“卫灵公”40 ）主张不同，不互相谋划事情。Have nothing to say to anyone who doesn’t share your opinions.

8. 志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀身以成仁。（《论语》“卫灵公”9 ）有志之士，有仁德之人，不贪生怕死而损害仁德。肯勇于牺牲自己维护仁德。There is no person of integrity who clings to life and fears death so that to harm humanity. There are only persons of integrity who are willing to die for a just cause.

9.躬自厚而薄责于人，则远怨矣。（《论语》“卫灵公”15 ）多责备自己，少责备别人，就可化解怨恨了。So long as you are strict with yourself and lenient to others. You can stay far away from resentment.

10. 君子以文会友，以友辅仁。忠告而善道之，不可则止，毋自辱。（《论语》“颜渊”24 ）君子以文会友，以友辅助仁。忠告道理，不听就算了，不要自辱。（不去迎合）Gentlemen make friends with knowledge and better their own gudlites with the help of friends.

11.死生有命，富贵在天。君子敬而无失，与人恭而有礼，四海之内，皆兄弟也。君子何患乎无兄弟也？（《论语》“颜渊”5）死生有命，富贵在天。君子对人敬重而无过失，与人谦恭有礼，四海之内，皆兄弟也，君子何愁没有兄弟啊。Life and death depend on fate, riches and honors depend on heaven. So long as a gentleman works selflessly making no mistakes and treats people according to proprieties, he’ll find that all people in the world are his friends. What’s the need for a gentleman to worry about having no friend?

12.君子和而不同，小人同而不和。（《论语》“子路”23 ）君子协和而不附和。小人同流合污，不能和睦相处。Gentlemen live in harmony with others, but don’t wallow in the mire with others yet vulgarians do exactly the opposite.

六、仁义道德

1. 志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀身以成仁。（《论语》“卫灵公”9 ）志士仁人，不贪生怕死以损害仁德。只有勇于牺牲来维护仁德。There is no person of integrity who cling to life and fears death so that to harm humanity. There are only persons of integrity who are willing to die for a just cause.

2. 仁者不忧，知者不惑，勇者不惧。（《论语》“宪问”28 ）仁德者遇事不忧愁，智慧者不迷惑，勇敢者不畏惧。A man of humanity never worries anything. A wise man is never perplexed. A brave man never fears anything.

3.德不孤，必有邻。（《论语》“里仁”25）有道德者不会孤立，必有志同道合者做伙伴。Noble-minded persons are never isolated. They’ll surely have some persons to get along with who cherish the same ideals and take the same course.

4.己所不欲，勿施于人。在邦无怨，在家无怨。（《论语》“颜渊”22）自己不愿做的事，不强加给别人。无论在邦国做事，在家族做事，都不要让人怨恨。Do not do to others what you would not have them to do to you. Do not breed enmity with colleagues, live in harmony at home.

5. 居处恭，执事敬，与人忠。. 虽之夷狄，不可弃也。（《论语》“子路”19 ）在家容貌态度端正庄重，办事严肃认真。待人接物忠厚，即使到夷狄部落，也不能背弃。Behave yourself properly at home and outside do things carefully and treat people honestly, you mustn’t abandon these principles even you go abroad.

6. 见义不为，无勇也。（《论语》“为政”24 ）看见正义的事不做是没勇气的人。If you just stand by with folded arms when you see something you should do, then you will be thought chickenhearted.

7.任重而道远。仁以为己任，死而后已。（《论语》“泰伯”8）As for a person of resolution and integrity, he cannot but cultivate an unyielding will because his burden is heavy and his way ahead is long. He considers putting humanity into practice as his responsibility. Surely it doesn’t mean that his burden isn’t heavy. He keeps on fighting throughout his life and remains unyielding unto death.

8. 志于道，据于德，依于仁，游于艺。（《论语》“述而”6 ）以道为志向，以德为根据，以仁为凭藉，活动于（礼、乐等）六艺的范围之中。Acquire high ideals, cultivate fine morality, cherish humane feeling mould noble sentiment.

9. 慎终追远，民德归厚矣。（《论语》“学而”9）慎重处理父母丧事，追念久远祖先。自然使百姓道德忠厚。Be cautious to deal with the death of your parents and remember to mourn for ancestors frequently. If so you can certainly make people behave honestly.

10.老者安之，朋友信之，少者怀之。（《论语》“公冶长”26）老人生活安逸，朋友信得过，少年得关怀。I’d like to see that the aged can enjoy ease and comfort, the young can get every concern and friends have trust in me.

七、家庭和睦

1. 父在观其志，父没观其行。三年无改父道，可谓孝矣。（《论语》“学而”11 ）父在世时看他的志向，父死后要考察他的行为，对父的合理主张长期不改变，就可以说尽孝了。You should observe his ambition when a person’s father is still alive. If his father passes away, you should observe his action. If he can keep the reasonable thoughts of his father undamaged for these years, he can be considered filial.

2. 今之孝者，是谓能养。至于犬马，皆能有养，不敬，何以别乎？（《论语》“为政”7 ）现在所谓孝者，只是说能养父母就行了。狗马都能饲养，对父母不敬，养父母与养狗有什么区别呢？The so called filial devotion nowadays only means to support or feed parents, but even dogs and horses can do the same. So if we don’t emphasize the necessity of respecting parents, then what’s the difference between providing for parents and feeding dogs and horses.

3.事父母几谏，见志不从，又敬不违，劳而不怨。（《论语》“里仁”18 ）侍奉父母，遇到父母有不对的地方，应委婉劝，看到父母不接受，仍然恭敬不违，心里忧愁也不怨恨。When you serve your parents, you should carefully advise them to overcome shortcomings if there is any. If they are unwilling to accept your advice, you should still respect them and work for them without any complains.

4. 老者安之，朋友信之，少者怀之。（《论语》“公冶长”26 ）但愿老人能享受安乐，朋友能信任，少年能得到关怀。I’d like to see that the aged can enjoy ease and comfort, the young can get every concern and friends have trust in me.

5.父母之年，不可不知也。一则以喜，一则以惧。（《论语》“里仁”21 ）父母的年纪，不能不知道，一方面以他们长寿高兴，一方面又为他们衰老担忧。You cannot be unaware of your parents birthdays. On the one hand, you are happy for their good health, but on the other hand, you are anxious about their decrepitude.

6. 出则事公卿，入则事父兄，丧事不敢不勉，不为酒困。（《论语》“子罕”）在外为国家尽职尽责，在家孝敬父兄，办理丧事不敢怠慢，不因喝酒误事。Away from home, serve the country wholeheartedly and at home show filial devotion to parents and friendship to brothers, when arranging funeral dare not be careless and do not let wine spoil anything.

八、见利思义

1. 富与贵，是人之所欲也；不以其道得之，不处也。（《论语》“里仁”5 ）富裕和显贵，人人都想得，不正当得到的，不应享受。Riches and honors are something everyone wants, but if they are improperly obtained then we should not enjoy them.

2. 笃信好学，守死善道，危邦不入，乱邦不居。天下有道则见，无道则隐。邦有道，贫且贱焉，耻也；邦无道，富且贵焉，耻也。（《论语》“泰伯”13）坚守诚信好学，坚守善道终生不渝，危险之国不去，动乱之国不居住，天下太平就有显身手，天下无道就韬光养晦。天下太平而自己贪钱，是耻辱，天下大乱而自己富贵，也是耻辱。Keep promise and study hard, uphold principles unswervingly all one’s life. Do not go to dangerous counties, do not live in turbulent countries. Fully display one’s talent during great order under heaven, control one’s capacities during great disorder across the land. Being poor during great order across the land, it’s shameful. Being rich during great disorder under heaven, it’s shameful too.

3.不义而富且贵，于我如浮云。（《论语》“述而”16）不仁不义的富贵，对我来说，就像天上的浮云。In my eye, riches and honors without humanity are just like floating clouds in the sky.

4.富而可求也；虽执鞭之士，吾亦为之。如不可求，从吾所好。（《论语》“述而”12 ）如能合理致富，那怕赶车，我也做。如不能，我就做我喜欢的事。So long as I can rich reasonably, I am willing to do anything. Even if I have to drive cares for others. I don’t care. Otherwise I’d like to do anything I love.

5.无欲速，无见小利。欲速则不达，见小利则大事不成。（《论语》“子路”17）不要求速，不贪小利。只求速，往往达不到目的。贪小利，做不成大事。Do not pursue speed only, do not seek small gains. If you pursue speed only, usually you cannot attain your objective. If you seek small gains, then you cannot do great things.

6.贤哉，回也！一箪食，一瓢饮，在陋巷，人不堪其忧，回也不改其乐。贤哉，回也！（《论语》“雍也”11）颜回品德多高尚啊！一箪饭，一瓢水，住在简陋的小巷，别人忍受不了，颜回但得其乐，不改。颜回品德多高尚啊！How noble-minded, Yan Hui is! with only a basket of rice and ladleful of water. He lives in a shabby lane. Other people cannot endure this sort of hard life, but Yan Hui never changed his optimistic nature. How noble-minded Yan Hui is!

7. 见利思义，见危授命。（《论语》“宪问”12）见到利益时，思考道义。见到危险时，奋不顾身。A man thinks of righteousness where he sees profits, risks his life where he sees other being endangered.

九、哲理情操

1. 不知命，无以为君子；不知礼，无以立；不知言，无以知人。（《论语》“尧曰”3 ）If you don’t understand objective laws, you cannot be a gentleman. If you don’t understand moral norms, you cannot conduct yourself well in society. If you don’t understand how to distinguish between truth and falsehood, you cannot know people well.

2. 不怨天，不尤人；以直报怨，以德报德。（《论语》“宪问”35）不埋怨天，也不责备人。已正直报答怨恨，以恩德报答恩德。Not complain god, nor complain man. What should we return for good? I think that we should return honestly for evil. Return good for good.

3. 往者不可谏，来者犹可追。（《论语》“微子”5 ）过去的事不可挽回，未来的还来得及改正。Whatever passed away, you cannot retrieve it. But whatever comes later, you have the time to change it.

4.人无远虑，必有近忧。（《论语》“卫灵公”12）人没有长远的考虑，必定有眼前的忧虑。One with no foresight will have to face immediate dangers.

5.质直好义，察言观色，虑以下人。在邦必达，在家必达。（《论语》“颜渊”20）品质正直，善察颜观色，甘心处于人下，就做官必显达，居家也显达。By saying illustrious and influential we mean the moralities including being honest, just good and feeling somebody out by examining his words and observing his countenance and willing to be in low position only be doing so can a person become illustrious and influential both home and abroad.

6. 子温而厉，威而不猛，恭而安。（《论语》“述而”7）孔子温和而严厉，威严而凶悍，庄重而安详。Confucius is gentle-natured but stern, dignified but not violent. Solemn but benign.

7. 工欲善其事，必先利其器。居是邦，事其大夫之贤者，友其士之仁者。（《论语》“卫灵公”10）工人想做好工，必先把工具磨快。居住在此国，就要追随大夫中的贤者，结交士人中的仁者。If a worker wants to do a good job, he must sharpen his tools first. Living in this country you must follow the persons of integrity among scholar, bureaumates and associate with the persons of humanity among intellectuals.

8.过犹不及。（《论语》“先进”16 ）过分与不足是一样的。Too much is as bad as too little.

9. 死生有命，富贵在天。君子敬而无失，恭而有礼，四海之内，皆兄弟也。君子何患乎无兄弟也？（《论语》“颜渊”5）死生有命，富贵在天。君子只要敬业不出差错，对人恭敬合乎礼，天下人都是兄弟，君子何愁没兄弟呢？Life and death depend on fate, riches and honors depend on heaven. So long as a gentleman works selflessly making no mistakes and treats people according to proprieties, he’ll find all people in the world are his friends. What’s the need for a gentleman to worry about having no friend?

10.鸟之将死，其鸣也哀；人之将死，其言也善。（《论语》“泰伯”8）鸟临死时，叫鸣悲哀，人临死时，说话和善。In dying hour, birds cry sadly. In face of death, people speak genially.

十、从政治国

1.其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不从。（《论语》“之路”6）自身正了，即使不发令，百姓也会干。自身不正，即使发令，百姓也不从。Confucius said, so long as the leaders behave well, the people will follow you even if no orders are issued. Otherwise the people won’t follow you even if orders are given.

2.修己以敬。修己以安人，修己以安百姓。（《论语》“宪问”14）提升自己道德修养，保持恭谨，使他人安乐。提升自己的道德修养，使百姓安居乐业。Raise your own moral level and keep a respectful and attentive attitude at any time and anywhere. Raise your own moral level and make others to live easily and comfortably.

3. 必也正名。名不正，言不顺；事不成，礼乐不兴；刑罚不中，民无措手足。名之必可言也，言之必可行也。（《论语》“子路”13）一定要先纠正名分呀。名分不正，说话不合理，事情就办不成，礼乐不能深入人心，刑罚不会公正，百姓不知如何是好。因此名必可言，言必可行得通。Make everything fully justified first. If you don’t make things fully justified first, what you say will be unreasonable. You’ll be unable to make law out in the heart of the people. Penalty will be unfair, the people won’t know what to do. Gentlemen must make them reasonable and make them workable when speaking, gentlemen mustn’t be careless.

4.足食，足兵，民信之矣。自古皆有死，民无信不立。（《论语》“颜渊”12）要粮食充足，军备充足，则百姓信任。自古以来总要死人的，如果百姓不信任，国家就不存在的。You should have abundant grain, sufficient troops and people’s trust. There must have people to die ever since ancient time. If you lose people’s trust, the state will be unable to exist.

5. 举直错诸枉，则民服；举枉错诸直，则民不服。（《论语》“为政”19）把正直无私的人举拔上来，则民服，把邪恶的人置于一旁，民众就不会不服了。Promote honest people and give shameless ones cold shoulder. This can make people heartily convinced otherwise they won’t be.

6.成事不说，遂事不谏，既往不咎。（《论语》“八佾篇”3）已做过的事不用提了，已完成的事不用再规劝了，已过去的事不再追究了。We’d better not mention what has been done, not criticize what has been finished and not go into past misdeeds.

7.为政，先之劳之，无倦。（《论语》“子路”1 ）为政，身先士卒，激励百姓勤奋。不要怠慢。Go ahead of your man and encourage others to be diligent. Don’t be stacking.

8. 四海困穷，天禄永终。万方有罪，罪在朕躬。百姓有过，在予一人。（《论语》“尧曰”1 ）四海困穷，帝位结束了。万方有罪，罪归结帝王。百姓有过，在帝一人。If people are poor, your ruling position as a sovereign will be ended for ever. All blame should be put on me only.

9.不在其位，不谋其政。（《论语》“宪问”26）不在职位，不过问职事。Without being in the position, just don’t think anything related to the position.

10.仕而优则学，学而优则仕。（《论语》“子张”9）做官优秀有余力则去学习。学习有余力可做官。If people except for being an official, still has superfluous energy, he can study and if a person except for study still has superfluous energy, he can be an official.

后记：

孔子（前551-前479）是春秋战国时代伟大思想家，诞生于2500多年前山东曲阜，他是华夏第一位老师，民尊孔圣。孔子思想是中华传统文化的活水源泉。我们有幸在耶稣基督诞生之前500多年，就有了如此完整的道德教科书，指导我们立身处世。千百年来，孔子之言，已融入我们的血液，成为日常用语，例如见义勇为，任重道远，和为贵，欲速不达，三思而行，不念旧恶，既往不咎等。